The Inside Story of Tencent’s “Eight Shrimp’s Succession Struggle”: How Did a Single Lobster Become the Hope of the Entire Village?

Zhang Shuyu, born in 1999, is a product manager who recently joined Tencent's PC Manager team, which is not considered a core business line at Tencent.
In January of this year, OpenClaw became a sensation in China. She became fascinated with it and gathered a few people to create a product prototype, QClaw: based on OpenClaw, it can be installed with one click and the smart agent can be controlled directly through WeChat.
The project had almost no presence within Tencent's system; it lacked project approval and resources from the central office. It was just a group of young people getting together to write code.
On March 9th, QClaw launched its internal beta test. Within a week, millions of users registered.

Then things started to get out of control, alarming Tencent's general office.
The top management reacted swiftly, immediately allocating dozens of employees and computing resources to Zhang Shuyu's team. On the same day, another team launched WorkBuddy, also compatible with OpenClaw. The following day, Tencent's Hong Kong-listed shares surged by over 7%, with investors directly attributing the gains to these two companies.
At 2:06 AM on March 11, Ma Huateng posted on his WeChat Moments: "Self-developed lobster, local shrimp, cloud shrimp, enterprise shrimp, cloud desktop shrimp, secure isolation shrimp room, cloud security, knowledge base… and a batch of other products are coming soon."

This is a clear signal to Tencent's 110,000 employees, and countless employees interpret it as: Pony supports them going all in on lobster .
According to an exclusive report by The Information, as of this month, eight teams within Tencent are simultaneously developing products and services based on OpenClaw . Including projects under development and in internal testing, the total number exceeds ten.
Fifteen years ago, three teams within Tencent raced against each other to develop mobile instant messaging. Zhang Xiaolong's Guangzhou R&D department emerged victorious, creating WeChat – Tencent's most successful "horse race" in history. This time, the competition has shifted to a different species: shrimp.
It seems a bit unbelievable that a peripheral project done by a product manager born in 1999 could become a strategic pivot for a trillion-dollar company within two weeks.
Zhang Shuyu told The Information a very honest statement: "We are all experimenting with AI agents. At this moment, no one can say what the best method is."
In other words: We don't know the answer, but it's better to start running than to stand still.

The hope of the whole village: Why did Tencent stake its life on a shrimp?
To understand Tencent's passion for lobsters, one must first confront the company's current position in the AI competition.
Over the past two years, China has been engaged in a fierce arms race in the field of large-scale AI models.
Alibaba has poured money into Qianwen, while ByteDance has incubated Doubao, giving them a significant lead in user scale and model capabilities. What about Tencent? While it enjoys substantial profits from games and WeChat advertising, its approach to AI is far less aggressive than its two rivals.
The self-developed Hunyuan large model is still unable to compete with its competitors, which has also hindered the progress of its own AI assistant "Yuanbao".
Tencent has not been idle. Last year, they brought in Yao Shunyu, a former OpenAI researcher, to lead the Hunyuan research team and rebuild their R&D infrastructure. The upcoming release of the next-generation Hunyuan model in April is widely regarded in the industry as a test of Tencent's modeling capabilities.

▲Yao Shunyu. Image from: Zhiyuan Community
However, this distant solution cannot quench the immediate thirst. Before the new model is submitted, the lack of a strong internal model has temporarily put Yuanbao at a disadvantage in the competition with Doubao and Qianwen.
So when OpenClaw ignited the agent craze in China, Tencent's top management almost instinctively seized the opportunity. This lobster proves that the next breakthrough for AI may not be in the chat box, but rather on the desktop, in tools, and in countless intelligent agents that can do things for you.
Tencent's top management has a clear understanding: the wave of agents triggered by OpenClaw will be an opportunity to reshuffle the AI battlefield .
Their logic is this: if Tencent can deeply integrate OpenClaw-like agent capabilities with WeChat and provide supporting tools and services to become the best agent usage platform in China, then even if its internal big model is not the most powerful and its AI assistant is not the most popular, Tencent still has the potential to turn the tide in the second half of the AI era.
In 2020, Ma Huateng internally referred to Tencent's video platform as "the hope of the whole village," pinning his hopes on it to regain its footing in the short video arena. Now, "the hope of the whole village" has changed its species.
The difference is that the video platform is at least a product of the platform itself, while the lobster comes from the GitHub of an independent developer in Austria.
In a sense, this is more like what Nadella did after taking over Microsoft in 2014: admitting defeat in the mobile internet, letting go of his desire to "do everything himself" and betting on a completely new track.
Nadella took ten years; Tencent hopes to do it faster.
Eight shrimp vying for the throne, behind Tencent's shrimp competition
The outside world views the parallel operation of multiple teams as a classic horse racing mechanism, while Tencent internally prefers to call it "diversity." QClaw and WorkBuddy were the first two to emerge, taking completely different paths.
QClaw was developed by Zhang Shuyu, who emerged from the periphery of the PC Manager team. Embracing the OpenClaw open-source ecosystem, QClaw focused on one-click installation via WeChat and experienced rapid, unregulated growth. Its design philosophy can be summarized in four words: "Open and Use." No environment configuration or terminal command knowledge is required; simply scan with WeChat to let AI take over your computer.

▲ Zhang Shuyu. Image courtesy of Nanjing Audit University.
WorkBuddy, on the other hand, took a completely different path. In an interview with APPSO, the person in charge, Wang Shengjie, repeatedly emphasized one thing: it's 100% self-developed, and they haven't used a single line of OpenClaw source code .
It takes a semi-automated approach, avoiding the risk of information being exposed on the public internet in OpenClaw's "transparent transmission" model. It uses a bot push notification model, requiring user confirmation for each critical operation. Wang Shengjie's definition is clear: Lobster is a concept, not equivalent to OpenClaw . WorkBuddy aims to provide a safe and controllable lobster, one that enterprises can use with confidence.
Wang Shengjie revealed a crucial timeline: WorkBuddy was launched on the weekend of January 17th, with three or four people working through the night to create an MVP (Minimum Viable Product), originally scheduled for release on March 16th. However, seeing the lobster craze, they moved it forward by a week, coinciding with the release of QClaw.

▲ Wang Shengjie.
In other words, Tencent didn't rush to follow suit after OpenClaw became popular. Multiple teams sensed the same opportunity at different times, and OpenClaw's explosive popularity acted as a catalyst, pushing the previously unseen project to the forefront overnight.
However, the contradictions inherent in the shrimp-competition mechanism are also on the table.
QClaw and WorkBuddy have highly overlapping functions, and both can control AI agents via WeChat. Which one should users choose? With 8 teams running simultaneously, will resources be wasted?
The answer lies in Zhang Shuyu's words: "At this moment, no one knows what the best method is." With eight teams participating at the same time, it's less about overflowing confidence and more about no one being certain .
Tencent chooses to hedge against uncertainty with quantity, running multiple routes simultaneously, hoping to win just one.
The essence of a horse racing system has always been: increasing the probability of success through sheer numbers. That's how WeChat was developed 15 years ago.

Ma Huateng's shrimp farming philosophy
The premise of shrimp competition is that there are shrimp to compete with, but this shrimp is not under Tencent's control.
On March 12, Peter Steinberger, founder of OpenClaw, publicly criticized Tencent on X, pointing the finger at Tencent's SkillHub service for copying the community Skills without making any contributions.
Two days later, Tencent donated through GitHub and was subsequently listed as a featured sponsor, alongside OpenAI. At last week's NVIDIA GTC conference, Tencent Cloud CEO Tang Daosheng met with Steinberger in person, proposing that Tencent Cloud contribute server and security services, and to explore deeper cooperation with the OpenClaw Foundation.

A senior vice president of one of China's most valuable internet companies flew to San Jose to sit down with the founder of an open-source project to discuss cooperation. This is almost unprecedented in Tencent's history. When you need something from someone more urgently than they need something from you, you naturally become more humble.
At the earnings conference that same week, Tencent President Martin Lau announced that investment in new AI products would at least double by 2026, starting from 18 billion yuan last year. When explaining where the money would be spent, he only mentioned three products: Hunyuan, Yuanbao, and the latest Claw product .
Just a month ago, Lobster was a fringe project, but now it's on par with Tencent's self-developed large-scale models and flagship AI applications. Lobster has officially been upgraded from "something for everyone to play around with" to "company strategy" .
Ma Huateng's recent remarks at the earnings conference further answered a more fundamental question: What does Tencent want to do with lobsters ?
His approach skipped the product level and focused on the ecosystem.
Ma Huateng believes that lobster-themed apps have memory and personality, are more like assistants, and have a "living" feel, which allows AI to be implemented in various scenarios such as offices, terminals, and mini-programs, instead of all crowding onto the single path of chatbots.
But what's truly intriguing is his discourse on "decentralization." WeChat itself is a centralized app, but its ecosystem is decentralized, with hundreds of thousands of mini-program merchants forming an open platform. Ma Huateng believes that AI agents inherently possess decentralized characteristics and can integrate into the WeChat ecosystem. One sentence is particularly crucial:
All service providers are afraid of being "short-circuited" or "channelized" by AI intelligent agents.
This means he doesn't want the AI Agent to become a new intermediary, turning service providers within WeChat into mere backend APIs. He wants mini-programs to retain their independence while possessing AI capabilities. " Every mini-program can be intelligent and 'lobster-like' in its own right. "
This thinking goes a step further than "we also make lobsters." Ma Huateng sees a possible paradigm shift: the way AI's value is distributed will change from "one super chatbot ruling everything" to "countless distributed intelligent agents each displaying their unique abilities."
If this assessment holds true, WeChat, with its world's largest communication ecosystem and most active mini-program platform, is naturally the most fertile ground for the Agent era .
At the earnings conference, Martin Lau clearly summarized this logic: "Claw proposed a decentralized model… For a time, it seemed that everyone was vying to become the sole entry point and monopolist for AI intelligent agents. But that's not the case."
In short, Tencent's betting logic can be summarized as follows: they lost the battle of models, but the battle of ecosystems has not yet been played out .
Of course, this narrative can also be translated into another sentence: Our model is not strong enough, so we're telling you that the model isn't that important.
The line between self-consistency and self-deception is sometimes very thin. But the key is that Tencent does have cards to play this time. WeChat doesn't need to be the container for the most powerful model; it only needs to be the most user-friendly agent runtime environment .
This is exactly the same logic as Nadella's Azure: you don't need to create the best AI yourself; you just need to let the best AI run on your cloud.
A panoramic view of shrimp farming products: How much has Tencent actually invested?
Tencent's "crab farming" strategy goes far beyond simply creating a few consumer-facing products. On Friday, Tencent released a "panoramic view of its crayfish farming products," a complete crayfish matrix from the bottom layer to the application layer, with a density exceeding external expectations.

Consumer-grade products are leading the charge. QClaw focuses on one-click installation via WeChat, targeting ordinary users; WorkBuddy takes a self-developed desktop approach, emphasizing security and controllability; and WeChat ClawBot allows users to control lobsters directly within the WeChat chat interface.
The three products cover three core scenarios: "easy onboarding for novice users," "deep desktop usage," and "seamless integration into the WeChat ecosystem." At the consumer level alone, Tencent has simultaneously laid out three paths.
Enterprise-level products followed closely behind. ClawPro targets enterprise and government clients, emphasizing secure isolation and granular permission control. It features an exclusive channel within WeChat Work, tiered account permissions, a built-in skills review mechanism, code generation operations requiring approval, and web searches using a security gateway.
At the Tencent Cloud Summit, Tang Daosheng highlighted ADP (Agent Development Platform), positioning it as a toolbox for enterprises to build customized agents. It works in conjunction with Claw Runtime to provide a secure sandbox environment, and Lighthouse for security management.
The logic behind the entire enterprise solution is very clear: OpenClaw is too wild, so I'll help you put it in a cage.
The developer ecosystem hasn't been neglected either. CodeBuddy, an AI programming assistant launched in the second half of last year, has now been incorporated into the Lobster Matrix as a developer portal; SkillHub is an AI skills community that has been localized, and it was precisely because this product was criticized by Steinberger that the subsequent donation was made. TokenHub is a model service marketplace, accepting not only Hunyuan but also third-party models such as DeepSeek, MiniMax, and Kimi, with unified billing.
Tencent has even come up with a business idea: "selling shovels."
This panoramic view shows that Tencent doesn't want to make a single breakthrough in its products; it wants to build an entire lobster industry chain— from installation to operation, from individuals to enterprises, from consumption to development, with someone monitoring every link.

This is precisely the "Harness Engineering" approach that Tang Daosheng repeatedly emphasizes: the key to success in the Agent era lies not in the model itself, but in the scaffolding. Tool usage, context engineering, long-term memory management, and workflow design—these seemingly unglamorous but arduous tasks are the crucial variables that determine whether an Agent is easy to use.
At the Tencent Cloud Shanghai Summit, Tang Daosheng stated, "The implementation of AI is not just a matter of algorithms; Harness engineering capabilities are a key variable. Different scaffolding designs will significantly affect the actual usage effect and token cost."
In layman's terms: the model is the engine, but without a chassis and steering wheel, it can't go very far. Tencent's model isn't as fast as others for now, but if they can perfect the chassis and steering wheel, they can still win.
After the shrimp tide recedes
If you string all the clues together, the story can be condensed into one sentence: Tencent used all the resources that a large company can mobilize to embrace an open-source project that it could not control .
This is a posture full of tension.
OpenClaw updates two or three versions per week, its API is changed on a whim, and breaking changes come at any time. Peter clicks "merge," and several product teams in a Shenzhen building might have to work through the night to put out fires. Tencent's strategic lifeline is tied to someone else's GitHub repository; this requires not only courage but also an unprecedented level of humility.
But from another perspective, Tencent probably didn't have a better option.
If we continue to compete head-on only in the models and chatbot race, we'll either be mere runners-up or get bogged down in a homogeneous battle. But the agent wave has opened up a new niche: whoever can turn AI into the most user-friendly tool will be able to redefine the entry point .
WeChat boasts 1.4 billion monthly active users, a mini-program ecosystem, payment capabilities, and a social relationship network. These elements alone cannot create the strongest model, but they can create the best agent usage environment—a unique advantage Tencent holds that no one else possesses.
The question is, how long is this card valid?
OpenClaw is still rapidly iterating, and its ecosystem is far from finalized. Will today's lobster craze be as fleeting as last year's Manus? Will the eight teams competing in the lobster competition produce the next WeChat, or just eight half-finished products? Ma Huateng's blueprint for a "decentralized agent ecosystem" is beautiful, but how many more "technical mishaps" will it take to go from blueprint to reality?
However, one thing is certain.
When a company's CEO posts on WeChat Moments at 2 a.m., the president lists lobsters and self-developed models side by side in an earnings call, the senior vice president flies to the United States to meet with the founder of an open-source project, eight teams compete in a lobster race, and AI investment doubles, it's no longer just chasing trends; it's betting on the company's future.
The bet isn't about how long this shrimp can live . The bet is about whether Tencent can still be at the table, and in what position, during the decade when AI reshapes everything.
WeChat Channels was once hailed as "the hope of the whole village." Five years later, it hasn't defeated Douyin, but it has carved out its own niche within the WeChat ecosystem. Can lobsters also find a third way? It's too early to say.
However, when a giant is cornered and finally figures out what it wants, and pours resources into a single direction, you should never underestimate it.
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